该系列为java工具类系列,主要展示100个常用的java工具类。
本系列工具类的核心目的主要有三点:
1,以便他用:提供可用的Java工具类,方便大家使用,避免重复造轮子
2,个人记录:作为个人记录,同时督促自己学习总结
3,为初学者提供思路,相互交流,共同进步
当然,很多细节部分经不起推敲,如存在部分代码不规范、注释不详细、格式不统一等问题,还望阅读者多多包涵,多提意见。
本文目录:
本文主要讲述,如何使用4中方式发起HTTP请求,重点是HttpClient,也是笔者比较喜欢和经常使用的方式。
一、通过common封装好的HttpClient(本文重点)
//1.1HttpClient发起GET请求
public static String doGet(String url) {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 创建uri
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
URI uri = builder.build();
// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
httpGet.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
String result = "";
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
//1.2HttpClient发起POST请求
public static String doPost(String url, Map param) {
//设置响应时间
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(30000).setSocketTimeout(30000)
.setConnectTimeout(30000).build();
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 创建http POST请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
if (headerMap != null) {
for (String key : headerMap.keySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(key, headerMap.get(key));
}
}
// 设置参数
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(param), "UTF-8");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
String result = "";
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
二、通过SpringBoot-RestTemplate(本文重点)
Spring RestTemplate 是 Spring 提供的用于访问 Rest 服务的客户端,
RestTemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率
由于代码简洁,效率高,因此只要是做SpringBoot项目,都会使用这种方式。
//2.1 RestTemplate发送GET请求 get请求是通过url传递参数
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
String url = "http://localhost:8080/Hello";
ResponseEntity forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class);
String body = forEntity.getBody();
//2.2 RestTemplate发送POST请求
Map map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", "张三");
String url = "http://localhost:8080/Hello";
ResponseEntity responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,stu,String.class);
return responseEntity.getBody();
三、通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
public class ConnectUtil {
/**
* HttpURLConnection的post请求方式
*
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 请求参数 json格式
* @param charset 编码
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static JSONObject doPostJson(String url, String params, String charset) {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
try {
// 建立连接
URL realURL = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) realURL.openConnection();
//设置连接属性
// 设定请求的方法为"POST",默认是GET
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在 http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;
conn.setDoOutput(true);
// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true;
conn.setDoInput(true);
// Post 请求不能使用缓存
conn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求属性
conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", charset);
// 设定传送的内容类型是json,utf-8字符编码
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8");
// 设置接收类型
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "application/json");
// 往服务器里面发送数据
if (params != null && params.length() > 0) {
byte[] writebytes = params.getBytes();
// 设置文件长度
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(writebytes.length));
// 建立输出流,并写入数据
OutputStream outwritestream = conn.getOutputStream();
outwritestream.write(params.getBytes());
outwritestream.flush();
outwritestream.close();
}
// 获得响应状态
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
String line;
String resultString = "";
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
resultString += line;
}
jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(resultString);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return jsonObject;
}
}
四、通过Apache封装的CloseableHttpClient
CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的扩展的,是目前推荐的用法。不仅可以简单设置请求头,还可以利用fastjson转换请求或返回结果字符串为json格式。
//4.1 CloseableHttpClient发送get请求
private String doGet() {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String result = null;
try {
URIBuilder uri = new URIBuilder("请求路径");
List list = new LinkedList<>();
BasicNameValuePair param1 = new BasicNameValuePair("key1", "value1");
BasicNameValuePair param2 = new BasicNameValuePair("key2", "value2");
list.add(param1);
list.add(param2);
uri.setParameters(list);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri.build());
//设置请求状态参数
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(3000)
.setSocketTimeout(3000).setConnectTimeout(3000).build();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {//请求成功
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
if (httpEntity != null) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "UTF-8");
EntityUtils.consume(httpEntity);//关闭资源
JSONObject jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(result);
JSONArray jsonArray = jsonResult.getJSONArray("data");
for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.size(); i++) {
result = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i).getString("对应key")
}
return result;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (httpClient != null) {
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return result;
}
//4.2 CloseableHttpClient发送post请求
private void doPost() {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("请求路径");
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
List params = new ArrayList();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key1", "value1"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key2", "value2"));
try {
HttpEntity httpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8");
httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);
response = client.execute(httpPost);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (client != null) {
try {
client.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
发起Http请求共有8中请求方式,分别是Get、Post、Put、Delete、opions、Head、Trace、Connect。
HTTP POST和GET的区别
1、传送方式不同:GET在HTTP头部传送参数,Post在HTTP 请求内容里传送数据
2、URL内容显示不同:GET方法传输数据时参数会在URL中显示,而POST不会显示
3、传输内容大小不同:GET方法由于受到URL长度的限制,只能传递大约1024字节;POST传输的数据量大,可达到2M
4、请求目的不同:GET用来从服务器取数据;POST 用来向上放数据,GET也能够向服务器传送较少的数据,目的只是描述所取的数据
本文仅供个人记录,大家可以借鉴,每行代码都是自己手打,亲测可直接粘贴执行,如有任何问题可在评论区提问,欢迎大家交流。
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